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John H Newman maintained it was Keble's sermon National
Apostasy preached 14th July 1833 in St. Mary¹s Oxford that started
the Oxford, or Tractarian movement. Keble's vision and the overriding
aim of the Oxford Movement was for an Anglican revival. Liberal teaching
was perceived a great danger and so Newman, Pusey, Keble, Froude,
Isaac Williams (from Aberystwyth) and others began to issue a Series
of Tracts for The Times hence they were also known as Tractarians.
The situation was thought best combated by a recourse to the historic
teaching of Catholic Christianity. The Tractarians detested the
view that they were innovators nor did they appreciate being considered
a movement of thought, rather they were restoring catholic thought
and piety.
The first Tract was called Thoughts on the Ministerial Commission
Respectfully Addressed to the Clergy. This tract of Newman's laid
down the fundamental principle of Tractarian faith and practice.
"There are some who rest their divine commission on their
own unsupported assertion, others who rest it on popularity; others,
on their success; and others, who rest it on temporal distinctions.
This last case has perhaps, been too much our own; I fear we have
neglected the real ground on which our authority is built - OUR
APOSTOLIC DESCENT... The LORD JESUS CHRIST gave His SPIRIT to His
Apostles; they in turn laid their hands on those who should succeed
him; and those again on others; and the sacred gift has been handed
down to our present Bishops, who have appointed us as their assistants
and in some senses representatives." (9th Sept. 1833)
This belief in the Apostolic Succession
rested on the authority of Scripture and the Early Church as did
all their subsequent writing.
Newman believed that by the providence of God the Church of England
held an intermediate position between protestants and catholics.
England and Wales had survived the reformation with its catholic
creed and ministry, although these had been obscured by an increase
in protestant practice. Newman believed that the church must shake
this off and discover its real self i.e. a second reformation was
needed. Following some bitter opposition Newman became a Roman Catholic
in 1845 and was followed by others which really brought the demise
of the Tractarians as the Oxford movement. In 1864 Newman published
his autobiography, Apologia Pro Vita Sua in which he vindicated
his life and change of belief. It was immediately recognised as
a classic amongst autobiographies.
While the Oxford Movement may have come to an end
the ethos it represented particularly in regard to the architecture
of church buildings, music, anglo-catholic spirituality and worship
continued as evidenced by the Talbots
their choice of John Loughborough Pearson
to build St. Theodore's Church and the
founding by Olivia Talbot of St. Michael
and All Angels Theological College illustrates the firm foundation
and existence of the Parish of St. Theodore, Port Talbot within
Catholic and Apostolic faith and devotion. |
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